OpenBSC October 2024

openbsc@lists.osmocom.org

1 participants
20 discussions

OsmoNITB timeslots configuration and UmTRX
by Родион Гадыршин 27 Jan '26

27 Jan '26

Hello, list. I have umtrx v2.1 and I have already built GSM and GPRS components. Now I want to know which way of configuring timeslots in osmobsc.cfn is the best. I want GPRS, calls and SMS work. My current configuration is: timeslot 0 phys_chan_config CCCH+SDCCH4 hopping enabled 0 timeslot 1 phys_chan_config SDCCH8 hopping enabled 0 timeslot 2 phys_chan_config TCH/F hopping enabled 0 timeslot 3 phys_chan_config TCH/F hopping enabled 0 timeslot 4 phys_chan_config PDCH hopping enabled 0 timeslot 5 phys_chan_config PDCH hopping enabled 0 timeslot 6 phys_chan_config PDCH hopping enabled 0 timeslot 7 phys_chan_config PDCH hopping enabled 0 Is there a better way to configure? Maybe better use TCH/F_TCH/H_PDCH, but I have heard, that TCH/F is currently not working in dynamic configurations - only TCH/H does. And there is no only TCH/H_PDCH mode. So, could you please give me an advice?

3 2

On the use of 'decmatch' in TTCN-3
by Harald Welte 27 Jan '26

27 Jan '26

Hi, I know that TTCN-3 is still new to a lot of you, but we are writing tons of integration testing against the various osmocom programs in it. It is quite amazing technology, and I would like to ask you to bear with me reading this mail :) Pau was stating the question earlier today on not finding an example on how to use decmatch. Indeed, it took me some months to find that gem in the TTCN-3 world. It solves the problem that you often have during test of layered protocol stacks: you have separate encoders/decoders for each protocol layer, and now you want to match on some of the *inner* payload. So normally, you have some kind of header definition + a binary (octetstring) payload. This happens in RSL with the L3_INFO IE, and just the same on BSSAP/DTAP where again the L3 message (for example call control) is encapsulated inside one information element. Now you have multiple options of addressing the problem: a) hand-written calls to the decoder function b) write na 'emulation' for the entire protocol layer c) use decmatch. a) would look like this (pseudo-code): var octetstring l3oct; var RSL_Message rsl RSL.receive(tr_RSL_DATA_REQ(g_chan_nr, ?, ?)) -> value rsl { var PDU_ML3_MS_NW l3 := dec_PDU_ML3_MS_NW(rsl.payload); if (match(l3, some_template)) { ... do something } ... } Which uses the built-in pattern-matching on the RSL port to match any message that matches the tr_RSL_DATA_REQ template, and stores the resulting RSL message in a variable. It then uses an explicit call to the decoder function of the L3 message, and then uses regular conditional expressions for further matching on that inner L3 payload. This is more or less how you would write in C, python or any other quite imperative programming languages. It's very verbose, time consuming and un-abstract/elegant. TTCN-3 has many declarative aspects to it. Code like the above is a waste of your time :) b) would mean that you implement some test component that handles the RSL messages on its bottom side test port, and the L3 messages on its top side test port. That is a possible way, and if you need a lot of state/logic of RSL, it maeks sense. But what if you really simply want to have a match? Then it would be a lot of effort and a large detour. c) decmatch to the rescue! You can write RSL.receive(tr_RSL_DATA_REQ(g_chan_nr, ?, decmatch tr_RRM_RR_STATUS)) which means: * do a receive on the RSL test port, and match on an incoming RSL message that matches the tr_RSL_DATA_REQ template, with channel number specified, link_id any (?), *and* if the octetstring payload, if decoded, matches the template tr_RRM_RR_STATUS ! This is *extremely* powerful and expressive. It allows you to condense complex, parametric template matching over multiple proocol layers. It would in the end match RSL DATA REQUEST, only if they contained a [valid] encoded RR STATUS. See https://gerrit.osmocom.org/6229 for the actual test case I used for the above examples. Please also note that I never had to even write the function name of the decoder (dec_PDU_ML3_MS_NW), but TTCN-3 *automatically* figures out which decoder function it must call in order to decode from the binary octetstring. Happy (TTCN-3) hacking + Osmocom bugfixing, Harald -- - Harald Welte <laforge(a)gnumonks.org> http://laforge.gnumonks.org/ ============================================================================ "Privacy in residential applications is a desirable marketing option." (ETSI EN 300 175-7 Ch. A6)

3 3

osmo-gsm-manuals in project repos: I see no .pdf
by Neels Hofmeyr 08 Jan '26

08 Jan '26

Hi Oliver, so I merged the stuff to add the manuals to the individual git repositories, since you said that it works. But when I do --enable-manuals I don't see any PDF files generated. Also a manual 'make pdf' says "nothing to be done". (I probably should have tried it before merging after all) So what am I doing wrong? Alternatively, can you fix it please? ~N

3 3

Excel in NURS FPX 4010 Assessments with Our Expert Online Tutoring
by williammores96＠gmail.com 05 Jan '26

05 Jan '26

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4 6

Some phones cant receive SMS
by Henry Caga 16 Dec '25

16 Dec '25

Hi, I would like to ask for help regarding my osmo-bsc setup. I have 2 problems as of now. 1) My setup is working fine on my phones, i can send and receive sms. However, on some phones, i can only send sms or call. But i cannot receive sms. I attached the sample logs from the phone that can receive sms and phone that cannot receive sms. I also included my config files. 2) i have a GPSDO TCXO and i wanted to use the maximum setting like setting up the 10mhz reference. what should i set or configure at the config files in order to set it? 3) Is there a way to improve my setup? Im using 50w PA and are there any settings that i have missed? Thank you Henry Phone that can receive sms ========= 20220226175408907 DRLL <0000> chan_alloc.c:240 (bts=0) channel load average is 0.00% 20220226175408907 DRLL <0000> chan_alloc.c:253 (bts=0) T3122 wait indicator set to 10 seconds 20220226175409767 DNM <0004> abis_nm.c:345 BTS 0 reported connected PCU version 0.8.0.178-b75c2 20220226175414767 DNM <0004> abis_nm.c:345 BTS 0 reported connected PCU version 0.8.0.178-b75c2 20220226175415439 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-UNITDATA.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226175415439 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:231 N-UNITDATA.ind(00 16 52 08 08 59 51 20 20 02 00 04 21 09 04 23 1d 63 44 1a 03 05 03 f4 ) 20220226175415439 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1259 Rx MSC UDT: 00 16 52 08 08 59 51 20 20 02 00 04 21 09 04 23 1d 63 44 1a 03 05 03 f4 20220226175415439 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1116 Rx MSC UDT BSSMAP PAGING 20220226175415439 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:131 Paging request from MSC BTS: 0 IMSI: '515020220004012' TMSI: '0x231d6344/589128516' LAC: 0x3f4 20220226175416335 DRSL <0003> abis_rsl.c:1383 (bts=0) CHAN RQD: reason: answer to paging (ra=0x9e, neci=0x01, chreq_reason=0x01) 20220226175416335 DRLL <0000> lchan_select.c:173 (bts=0) lchan_select_by_type(SDCCH) 20220226175416335 DRLL <0000> lchan_select.c:87 looking for lchan CCCH+SDCCH4: (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,pchan=CCCH+SDCCH4,state=UNUSED) ss=0 is available 20220226175416335 DRSL <0003> abis_rsl.c:476 (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,pchan=CCCH+SDCCH4,state=IN_USE) Tx RSL Channel Activate with act_type=INITIAL 20220226175416662 DMSC <0007> fsm.c:461 SUBSCR_CONN[0x558560323460]{INIT}: Allocated 20220226175416662 DMSC <0007> gsm_08_08.c:489 Tx MSC COMPL L3 20220226175416662 DRSL <0003> gsm_08_08.c:232 RR GSM48_MT_RR_PAG_RESP: TMSI-0x231D6344 matches earlier Paging from msc 0 20220226175416662 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:308 Initializing resources for new SCCP connection to MSC 0: RI=SSN_PC,PC=0.23.1,SSN=BSSAP... 20220226175416663 DMSC <0007> gsm_08_08.c:532 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn4294967295_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{INIT}: Received Event MO-CONNECT.req 20220226175416663 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:350 Allocated new connection id: 7 20220226175416663 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:354 Opening new SCCP connection (id=7) to MSC: RI=SSN_PC,PC=0.23.1,SSN=BSSAP 20220226175416663 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1729 Received SCCP User Primitive (N-CONNECT.request) 20220226175416663 DLSCCP <0020> fsm.c:461 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{IDLE}: Allocated 20220226175416663 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1769 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{IDLE}: Received Event N-CONNECT.req 20220226175416663 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:830 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{IDLE}: state_chg to CONN_PEND_OUT 20220226175416663 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:286 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn4294967295_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{INIT}: state_chg to WAIT_CC 20220226175416664 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:COAK for local reference 7 20220226175416664 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{CONN_PEND_OUT}: Received Event RCOC-CONNECT_CONFIRM.ind 20220226175416664 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:981 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{CONN_PEND_OUT}: state_chg to ACTIVE 20220226175416664 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-CONNECT.confirm to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:244 N-CONNECT.cnf(7, ) 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:247 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{WAIT_CC}: Received Event MO-CONNECT.cfm 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:354 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{WAIT_CC}: state_chg to ACTIVE 20220226175416664 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:CODT for local reference 7 20220226175416664 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{ACTIVE}: Received Event RCOC-DT1.ind 20220226175416664 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-DATA.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:261 N-DATA.ind(7, 00 0b 2f 08 08 59 51 20 20 02 00 04 21 ) 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> a_reset.c:227 A-RESET(msc-0)[0x55856030c700]{CONN}: Received Event EV_N_CONNECT 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1153 Rx MSC DT1 BSSMAP COMMON ID 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1099 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{ACTIVE}: Received Event COMMON_ID.ind 20220226175416664 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:CODT for local reference 7 20220226175416664 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{ACTIVE}: Received Event RCOC-DT1.ind 20220226175416664 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-DATA.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:261 N-DATA.ind(7, 01 03 26 09 01 23 01 00 07 91 44 77 58 10 06 50 00 17 20 06 d1 32 99 0c 00 00 22 20 62 71 45 51 23 07 f4 f2 9c 9e 76 9f 01 ) 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> a_reset.c:227 A-RESET(msc-0)[0x55856030c700]{CONN}: Received Event EV_N_CONNECT 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1208 Rx MSC DTAP: 01 03 26 09 01 23 01 00 07 91 44 77 58 10 06 50 00 17 20 06 d1 32 99 0c 00 00 22 20 62 71 45 51 23 07 f4 f2 9c 9e 76 9f 01 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1232 Rx MSC DTAP, SAPI: 3 CHAN: 0 20220226175416664 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1249 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{ACTIVE}: Received Event MT_DTAP 20220226175416664 DRLL <0000> abis_rsl.c:833 (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,ss=0) RSL RLL ESTABLISH REQ (link_id=0x03) 20220226175416757 DRSL <0003> abis_rsl.c:1082 (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,ss=0): meas_rep_count++=1 meas_rep_last_seen_nr=0 20220226175416907 DRLL <0000> chan_alloc.c:240 (bts=0) channel load average is 0.20% 20220226175416907 DRLL <0000> chan_alloc.c:253 (bts=0) T3122 wait indicator set to 10 seconds 20220226175417227 DRSL <0003> abis_rsl.c:1082 (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,ss=0): meas_rep_count++=2 meas_rep_last_seen_nr=1 20220226175417839 DMSC <0007> gsm_08_08.c:548 Tx MSC DTAP LINK_ID=0x03 20220226175417839 DMSC <0007> gsm_08_08.c:554 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{ACTIVE}: Received Event MO_DTAP 20220226175417839 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:394 Tx MSC: DTAP 20220226175417839 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:418 Sending connection (id=7) oriented data to MSC: RI=SSN_PC,PC=0.23.1,SSN=BSSAP (01 03 02 89 04 ) 20220226175417839 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1729 Received SCCP User Primitive (N-DATA.request) 20220226175417839 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1769 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{ACTIVE}: Received Event N-DATA.req 20220226175418075 DMSC <0007> gsm_08_08.c:548 Tx MSC DTAP LINK_ID=0x03 20220226175418075 DMSC <0007> gsm_08_08.c:554 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{ACTIVE}: Received Event MO_DTAP 20220226175418075 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:394 Tx MSC: DTAP 20220226175418076 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:418 Sending connection (id=7) oriented data to MSC: RI=SSN_PC,PC=0.23.1,SSN=BSSAP (01 03 09 89 01 06 02 00 41 02 00 00 ) 20220226175418076 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1729 Received SCCP User Primitive (N-DATA.request) 20220226175418076 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1769 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{ACTIVE}: Received Event N-DATA.req 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:CODT for local reference 7 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{ACTIVE}: Received Event RCOC-DT1.ind 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-DATA.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:261 N-DATA.ind(7, 01 03 02 09 04 ) 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> a_reset.c:227 A-RESET(msc-0)[0x55856030c700]{CONN}: Received Event EV_N_CONNECT 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1208 Rx MSC DTAP: 01 03 02 09 04 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1232 Rx MSC DTAP, SAPI: 3 CHAN: 0 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1249 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{ACTIVE}: Received Event MT_DTAP 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:CODT for local reference 7 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{ACTIVE}: Received Event RCOC-DT1.ind 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-DATA.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:261 N-DATA.ind(7, 00 04 20 04 01 09 ) 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> a_reset.c:227 A-RESET(msc-0)[0x55856030c700]{CONN}: Received Event EV_N_CONNECT 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1153 Rx MSC DT1 BSSMAP CLEAR COMMAND 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:473 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{ACTIVE}: Received Event CLEAR_CMD 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:774 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{ACTIVE}: state_chg to CLEARING 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:775 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{CLEARING}: Releasing all lchans (if any) after BSSMAP Clear Command 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> lchan_fsm.c:1458 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{CLEARING}: lchan lchan(0-0-0-CCCH_SDCCH4-0)[0x55856030cee0] detaches from conn 20220226175418085 DRR <0002> gsm_04_08_rr.c:323 Sending Channel Release: Chan: Number: 0 Type: 1 RR-Cause: 0x0 'Normal event' 20220226175418085 DRSL <0003> abis_rsl.c:644 (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,ss=0) DEACTivate SACCH CMD 20220226175418085 DRLL <0000> abis_rsl.c:857 (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,ss=0) RSL RLL RELEASE REQ (link_id=0x03, reason=1) 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:390 Tx MSC: BSSMAP: CLEAR COMPLETE 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:418 Sending connection (id=7) oriented data to MSC: RI=SSN_PC,PC=0.23.1,SSN=BSSAP (00 01 21 ) 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1729 Received SCCP User Primitive (N-DATA.request) 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1769 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{ACTIVE}: Received Event N-DATA.req 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:RELRE for local reference 7 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{ACTIVE}: Received Event RCOC-RELEASED.ind 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-DISCONNECT.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:274 N-DISCONNECT.ind(7, , cause=768) 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:281 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{CLEARING}: Received Event DISCONNET.ind 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:791 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{CLEARING}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR) 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:862 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{CLEARING}: FSM instance already terminating, not dispatching event LCLS_FAIL 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:866 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{CLEARING}: Releasing all lchans (if any) because this conn is terminating 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:845 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{CLEARING}: Putting bsc_subscr 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:791 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{CLEARING}: Freeing instance 20220226175418085 DMSC <0007> fsm.c:573 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn7_IMSI515020220004012)[0x558560323460]{CLEARING}: Deallocated 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1070 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{ACTIVE}: state_chg to IDLE 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:517 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{IDLE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REQUEST) 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:517 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{IDLE}: Freeing instance 20220226175418085 DLSCCP <0020> fsm.c:573 SCCP-SCOC(7)[0x55856030ca50]{IDLE}: Deallocated 20220226175419767 DNM <0004> abis_nm.c:345 BTS 0 reported connected PCU version 0.8.0.178-b75c2 20220226175424767 DNM <0004> abis_nm.c:345 BTS 0 reported connected PCU version 0.8.0.178-b75c2 20220226175424910 DRLL <0000> chan_alloc.c:240 (bts=0) channel load average is 3.03% 20220226175424910 DRLL <0000> chan_alloc.c:253 (bts=0) T3122 wait indicator set to 10 seconds ========= Phone that doesnt receive sms ========== 20220226173512464 DNM <0004> abis_nm.c:345 BTS 0 reported connected PCU version 0.8.0.178-b75c2 20220226173514434 DRLL <0000> chan_alloc.c:240 (bts=0) channel load average is 0.00% 20220226173514434 DRLL <0000> chan_alloc.c:253 (bts=0) T3122 wait indicator set to 10 seconds 20220226173517464 DNM <0004> abis_nm.c:345 BTS 0 reported connected PCU version 0.8.0.178-b75c2 20220226173519748 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-UNITDATA.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226173519748 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:231 N-UNITDATA.ind(00 16 52 08 08 59 51 20 11 27 23 70 04 09 04 38 2a bc 18 1a 03 05 03 f4 ) 20220226173519748 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1259 Rx MSC UDT: 00 16 52 08 08 59 51 20 11 27 23 70 04 09 04 38 2a bc 18 1a 03 05 03 f4 20220226173519748 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1116 Rx MSC UDT BSSMAP PAGING 20220226173519748 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:131 Paging request from MSC BTS: 0 IMSI: '515021172320740' TMSI: '0x382abc18/942324760' LAC: 0x3f4 20220226173522006 DRSL <0003> abis_rsl.c:1383 (bts=0) CHAN RQD: reason: answer to paging (ra=0x87, neci=0x01, chreq_reason=0x01) 20220226173522006 DRLL <0000> lchan_select.c:173 (bts=0) lchan_select_by_type(SDCCH) 20220226173522006 DRLL <0000> lchan_select.c:87 looking for lchan CCCH+SDCCH4: (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,pchan=CCCH+SDCCH4,state=UNUSED) ss=0 is available 20220226173522006 DRSL <0003> abis_rsl.c:476 (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,pchan=CCCH+SDCCH4,state=IN_USE) Tx RSL Channel Activate with act_type=INITIAL 20220226173522295 DMSC <0007> fsm.c:461 SUBSCR_CONN[0x56450d5e3f80]{INIT}: Allocated 20220226173522295 DMSC <0007> gsm_08_08.c:489 Tx MSC COMPL L3 20220226173522295 DRSL <0003> gsm_08_08.c:232 RR GSM48_MT_RR_PAG_RESP: TMSI-0x382ABC18 matches earlier Paging from msc 0 20220226173522295 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:308 Initializing resources for new SCCP connection to MSC 0: RI=SSN_PC,PC=0.23.1,SSN=BSSAP... 20220226173522295 DMSC <0007> gsm_08_08.c:532 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn4294967295_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{INIT}: Received Event MO-CONNECT.req 20220226173522295 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:350 Allocated new connection id: 5 20220226173522295 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:354 Opening new SCCP connection (id=5) to MSC: RI=SSN_PC,PC=0.23.1,SSN=BSSAP 20220226173522295 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1729 Received SCCP User Primitive (N-CONNECT.request) 20220226173522295 DLSCCP <0020> fsm.c:461 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{IDLE}: Allocated 20220226173522295 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1769 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{IDLE}: Received Event N-CONNECT.req 20220226173522295 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:830 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{IDLE}: state_chg to CONN_PEND_OUT 20220226173522295 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:286 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn4294967295_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{INIT}: state_chg to WAIT_CC 20220226173522296 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:COAK for local reference 5 20220226173522296 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{CONN_PEND_OUT}: Received Event RCOC-CONNECT_CONFIRM.ind 20220226173522296 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:981 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{CONN_PEND_OUT}: state_chg to ACTIVE 20220226173522296 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-CONNECT.confirm to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:244 N-CONNECT.cnf(5, ) 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:247 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{WAIT_CC}: Received Event MO-CONNECT.cfm 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:354 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{WAIT_CC}: state_chg to ACTIVE 20220226173522296 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:CODT for local reference 5 20220226173522296 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{ACTIVE}: Received Event RCOC-DT1.ind 20220226173522296 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-DATA.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:261 N-DATA.ind(5, 00 0b 2f 08 08 59 51 20 11 27 23 70 04 ) 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> a_reset.c:227 A-RESET(msc-0)[0x56450d5d3700]{CONN}: Received Event EV_N_CONNECT 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1153 Rx MSC DT1 BSSMAP COMMON ID 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1099 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{ACTIVE}: Received Event COMMON_ID.ind 20220226173522296 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:CODT for local reference 5 20220226173522296 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{ACTIVE}: Received Event RCOC-DT1.ind 20220226173522296 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-DATA.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:261 N-DATA.ind(5, 01 03 28 09 01 25 01 00 07 91 44 77 58 10 06 50 00 19 20 0c 91 36 39 71 82 34 93 00 00 22 20 62 71 53 91 23 06 f4 f2 9c 0e 92 01 ) 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> a_reset.c:227 A-RESET(msc-0)[0x56450d5d3700]{CONN}: Received Event EV_N_CONNECT 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1208 Rx MSC DTAP: 01 03 28 09 01 25 01 00 07 91 44 77 58 10 06 50 00 19 20 0c 91 36 39 71 82 34 93 00 00 22 20 62 71 53 91 23 06 f4 f2 9c 0e 92 01 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1232 Rx MSC DTAP, SAPI: 3 CHAN: 0 20220226173522296 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1249 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{ACTIVE}: Received Event MT_DTAP 20220226173522296 DRLL <0000> abis_rsl.c:833 (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,ss=0) RSL RLL ESTABLISH REQ (link_id=0x03) 20220226173522439 DRLL <0000> chan_alloc.c:240 (bts=0) channel load average is 0.20% 20220226173522439 DRLL <0000> chan_alloc.c:253 (bts=0) T3122 wait indicator set to 10 seconds 20220226173522464 DNM <0004> abis_nm.c:345 BTS 0 reported connected PCU version 0.8.0.178-b75c2 20220226173522766 DMSC <0007> gsm_08_08.c:71 Tx MSC SAPI N REJECT DLCI=0x03 20220226173522766 DMSC <0007> gsm_08_08.c:74 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{ACTIVE}: Received Event TX_SCCP 20220226173522766 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:390 Tx MSC: BSSMAP: SAPI N REJECT 20220226173522766 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:418 Sending connection (id=5) oriented data to MSC: RI=SSN_PC,PC=0.23.1,SSN=BSSAP (00 06 25 18 03 04 01 25 ) 20220226173522766 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1729 Received SCCP User Primitive (N-DATA.request) 20220226173522766 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1769 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{ACTIVE}: Received Event N-DATA.req 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:CODT for local reference 5 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{ACTIVE}: Received Event RCOC-DT1.ind 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-DATA.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:261 N-DATA.ind(5, 00 04 20 04 01 09 ) 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> a_reset.c:227 A-RESET(msc-0)[0x56450d5d3700]{CONN}: Received Event EV_N_CONNECT 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:1153 Rx MSC DT1 BSSMAP CLEAR COMMAND 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_bssap.c:473 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{ACTIVE}: Received Event CLEAR_CMD 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:774 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{ACTIVE}: state_chg to CLEARING 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:775 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{CLEARING}: Releasing all lchans (if any) after BSSMAP Clear Command 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> lchan_fsm.c:1458 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{CLEARING}: lchan lchan(0-0-0-CCCH_SDCCH4-0)[0x56450d5e4240] detaches from conn 20220226173522768 DRR <0002> gsm_04_08_rr.c:323 Sending Channel Release: Chan: Number: 0 Type: 1 RR-Cause: 0x0 'Normal event' 20220226173522768 DRSL <0003> abis_rsl.c:644 (bts=0,trx=0,ts=0,ss=0) DEACTivate SACCH CMD 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:390 Tx MSC: BSSMAP: CLEAR COMPLETE 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:418 Sending connection (id=5) oriented data to MSC: RI=SSN_PC,PC=0.23.1,SSN=BSSAP (00 01 21 ) 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1729 Received SCCP User Primitive (N-DATA.request) 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1769 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{ACTIVE}: Received Event N-DATA.req 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1662 Received CO:RELRE for local reference 5 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1695 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{ACTIVE}: Received Event RCOC-RELEASED.ind 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_user.c:175 Delivering N-DISCONNECT.indication to SCCP User 'msc-0' 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:274 N-DISCONNECT.ind(5, , cause=768) 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> osmo_bsc_sigtran.c:281 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{CLEARING}: Received Event DISCONNET.ind 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:791 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{CLEARING}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REGULAR) 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:862 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{CLEARING}: FSM instance already terminating, not dispatching event LCLS_FAIL 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:866 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{CLEARING}: Releasing all lchans (if any) because this conn is terminating 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:845 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{CLEARING}: Putting bsc_subscr 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> bsc_subscr_conn_fsm.c:791 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{CLEARING}: Freeing instance 20220226173522768 DMSC <0007> fsm.c:573 SUBSCR_CONN(msc0-conn5_IMSI515021172320740)[0x56450d5e3f80]{CLEARING}: Deallocated 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:1070 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{ACTIVE}: state_chg to IDLE 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:517 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{IDLE}: Terminating (cause = OSMO_FSM_TERM_REQUEST) 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> sccp_scoc.c:517 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{IDLE}: Freeing instance 20220226173522768 DLSCCP <0020> fsm.c:573 SCCP-SCOC(5)[0x56450d5e2160]{IDLE}: Deallocated ======== Osmo-bts-trx config ! ! OsmoBTS () configuration saved from vty !! ! log stderr logging color 1 logging timestamp 0 logging level rsl notice logging level oml notice logging level rll notice logging level rr notice logging level meas error logging level pag error logging level l1c error logging level l1p error logging level dsp error logging level abis error logging level loop debug ! line vty no login ! phy 0 instance 0 !COMMENT HERE FOR DEFAULT JOJO osmotrx rx-gain 50 osmotrx tx-attenuation 0 !osmotrx rx-gain 10 !osmotrx tx-attenuation oml !osmotrx maxdly 20 osmotrx ip local 127.0.0.1 osmotrx ip remote 127.0.0.1 bts 0 band 900 ipa unit-id 1012 0 oml remote-ip 127.0.0.1 gsmtap-sapi ccch gsmtap-sapi pdtch !ADDED FOR TEST JOJO gsmtap-sapi bcch gsmtap-sapi rach gsmtap-sapi agch gsmtap-sapi sdcch gsmtap-sapi sacch uplink-power-target -110 trx 0 !ms-power-control osmo !power-ramp max-initial 0 dBm !power-ramp step-size 2000 dB !power-ramp step-interval 10 phy 0 instance 0 ========= Osmo-bsc config ========= ! Configuration rendered by osmo-gsm-tester log stderr logging filter all 1 logging color 1 logging print category 1 logging print extended-timestamp 1 logging level all debug line vty no login bind 127.0.0.1 ctrl bind 127.0.0.1 e1_input e1_line 0 driver ipa ipa bind 127.0.0.1 network network country code 515 mobile network code 02 encryption a5 0 neci 1 handover 0 handover window rxlev averaging 10 handover window rxqual averaging 1 handover window rxlev neighbor averaging 10 handover power budget interval 6 handover power budget hysteresis 4 handover maximum distance 9999 allow-unusable-timeslots bts 0 type sysmobts band 900 cell_identity 1012 location_area_code 1012 training_sequence_code 1 base_station_id_code 1 channel-description attach 0 !ms max power 40 cell reselection hysteresis 4 rxlev access min 0 channel allocator ascending rach tx integer 9 rach max transmission 7 ip.access unit_id 1012 0 oml ip.access stream_id 255 line 0 gprs mode none no force-combined-si trx 0 rf_locked 0 arfcn 27 !nominal power 40 nominal power 80 ! to use full TRX power, set max_power_red 0 max_power_red 0 rsl e1 tei 0 timeslot 0 phys_chan_config CCCH+SDCCH4 hopping enabled 0 timeslot 1 phys_chan_config SDCCH8 hopping enabled 0 timeslot 2 phys_chan_config TCH/F hopping enabled 0 timeslot 3 phys_chan_config TCH/F hopping enabled 0 timeslot 4 phys_chan_config TCH/F hopping enabled 0 timeslot 5 phys_chan_config TCH/F hopping enabled 0 timeslot 6 phys_chan_config TCH/F hopping enabled 0 timeslot 7 phys_chan_config PDCH hopping enabled 0 msc 0 !ip.access rtp-base 25000 no bsc-welcome-text no bsc-msc-lost-text no bsc-grace-text type normal allow-emergency allow !codec-list fr1 !amr-config 12_2k forbidden !amr-config 10_2k forbidden !amr-config 7_95k forbidden !amr-config 7_40k forbidden !amr-config 6_70k forbidden !amr-config 5_90k forbidden !amr-config 5_15k forbidden !amr-config 4_75k forbidden mgw remote-ip 127.0.0.1 mgw remote-port 2427 !mgw endpoint-range 1 31 mgw local-ip 127.0.0.1 bsc mid-call-timeout 0 ========== Osmo-msc config ========== ! ! OsmoMSC configuration saved from vty ! log stderr logging filter all 1 logging color 0 logging print category 1 logging timestamp 1 logging level all everything logging level rll notice logging level cc notice logging level mm notice logging level mm debug logging level rr notice logging level pag notice logging level msc notice logging level mgcp notice logging level ho notice logging level ref notice logging level ctrl notice logging level lglobal notice logging level llapd notice logging level linp notice logging level lmux notice logging level lmi notice logging level lmib notice logging level lsms notice logging level lctrl notice logging level lgtp notice logging level lstats notice logging level lgsup notice logging level loap notice logging level lss7 notice logging level lsccp notice logging level lsua notice logging level lm3ua notice logging level lmgcp notice logging level all debug line vty no login bind 127.0.0.1 ! network network country code 515 mobile network code 02 short name GLOBE long name GLOBE encryption a5 0 rrlp mode none mm info 1 timezone 8 0 msc mgw remote-ip 127.0.0.1 mgw remote-port 2427 mgw local-ip 127.0.0.1 !mgw endpoint-range 1 31 !mgw bts-base 8000 assign-tmsi cs7-instance-a 0 check-imei-rqd early !timer vlr T3212 1 ctrl bind 127.0.0.1 mncc-int default-codec tch-f fr default-codec tch-h hr hlr remote-ip 127.0.0.1 smpp local-tcp-port 2775 policy accept-all smpp-first esme bhat password bhat default-route

3 2

Pysim error: SW match failed
by Martin Nagy 16 Aug '25

16 Aug '25

Hi all, After buying a super Sim Kit (16 in 1) from China, I tried the reader (green PCB inside a blue transparent plastic case with a blue LED) and SIM (identified as a fakesupersim) with pysim tool. However i am getting the following error: /pySim-prog.py -n 26C3 -c 49 -x 262 -y 42 -z 1234 -j 1 -t auto Insert card now (or CTRL-C to cancel) Autodetected card type fakemagicsim Generated card parameters : > Name : 26C3 > SMSP : e1ffffffffffffffffffffffff058100945555ffffffffffff000000 > ICCID : 8949262427518313026 > MCC/MNC : 262/42 > IMSI : 262422461512085 > Ki : 7b74741a1ee14337ec23f9ab92a13648 > OPC : ccd867d60797d8d45354a51b3ef568ff Programming ... Traceback (most recent call last): File "./pySim-prog.py", line 530, in <module> card.program(cp) File "/home/nadicek/pysim/pysim/pySim/cards.py", line 231, in program self._scc.update_binary('6f30', hplmn + 'ff' * (tl-3)) File "/home/nadicek/pysim/pysim/pySim/commands.py", line 53, in update_binary return self._tp.send_apdu_checksw(pdu) File "/home/nadicek/pysim/pysim/pySim/transport/__init__.py", line 87, in send_apdu_checksw raise RuntimeError("SW match failed ! Expected %s and got %s." % (sw.lower(), rv[1])) RuntimeError: SW match failed ! Expected 9000 and got 9804. I checked mailing lists and haven’t found anybody who had similar problem with pysim. Also I have tried forcing different models of SIM, but nothing is working. Obviously I can remove this check from the script file (__init__.py in /pySim/transport), however somebody had a reason to put such condition there. I would like to ask if it is safe to remove that line of code and the purpose of that line of code. Thanks a lot and best regards Martin

3 3

pycrate repo update
by benoit michau 22 Jul '25

22 Jul '25

Dear osmocom developpers, This is just to let you know that the Python library pycrate has a new home : https://github.com/pycrate-org/pycrate. The packages on Pypi are now feeded from there. This library can be used in many cases dealing with mobile signalling. I wanted to let you know, as even if I am not aware of any osmocom projects depending on it, some of you may use the library from time to time, or could have local applications depending on it. Best Regards Benoit

2 1

Re: Help with sccp library
by mosbah abdelkader 08 Jul '25

08 Jul '25

> I don't understand. This callback will be called with data you need to write > to the network. In case of MTP Level3 you will need to wrap that around the > msgb you got. I means: is the interaction with mtp3 layer implemented (is sending sccp data by mtp3 implemented by the library?)? Also, what about the reception of data from mtp3 layer. is that implemented in the sccp lib. I am asking these questions because I see the code of mtp3 in the lib but no significant call is present in the sccp part of the lib. Thank you for your help.

4 3

dynamic traffic channels
by Neels Hofmeyr 20 May '25

20 May '25

On Tue, Jun 28, 2016 at 10:05:28AM +0200, Harald Welte wrote: > [translated from german] > is it certain that we switch a channel to PDCH only when > gprs mode != none? A TS can be GSM_PCHAN_TCH_F_PDCH; those are the only ones for which we send a PDCH ACT message. We send a PDCH ACT message - during init (CHANNEL OML's state changed to enabled -> send PDCH ACT), - and upon channel release ack when pchan == GSM_PCHAN_TCH_F_PDCH. So the question is, when we receive a channel release ack, could that be the PDCH release and we switch PDCH right back on by accident? No, because we only receive a chan rel ack when the *TCH/F* is being released. That is because the PDCH release is initiated "internally" from the PDCH DEACT, and thus this condition in common/rsl.c rsl_tx_rf_rel_ack() catches on, which existed before dyn PDCH: if (lchan->rel_act_kind != LCHAN_REL_ACT_RSL) { LOGP(DRSL, LOGL_NOTICE, "%s not sending REL ACK\n", gsm_lchan_name(lchan)); return 0; } In rsl_rx_rf_chan_rel() the rel_act_kind is set to LCHAN_REL_ACT_RSL, but not in the rsl_rx_dyn_pdch(). This is analogous to the ip.access way -- the ip.access nanobts replies to a PDCH DEACT with a PDCH DEACT ACK and doesn't send a separate channel release ack. Maybe we could set rel_act_kind to some new LCHAN_REL_ACT_IPAC_DYN_PDCH for clarity? (But we shouldn't actually send a release ack, to stay compatible.) Even though it works as-is, we should indeed add another flag check: - We do check the flags that no ACT/DEACT is already pending; - And we do send a PDCH DEACT only if ts->flags & TS_F_PDCH_ACTIVE; - But we would send a PDCH ACT despite ts->flags & TS_F_PDCH_ACTIVE. This should never happen, but it would make sense to ensure that. ~Neels

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BladeRF or LimeSDR for running osmo-bts-trx
by Mychaela Falconia 29 Oct '24

29 Oct '24

Hello Osmocom community, (Cc'ing Eric per instructions from Harald) I am looking to acquire an SDR device for the purpose of running osmo-bts-trx. My initial goal is to get to the bottom of some mysteries observed in OS#6579; because it is CSD, getting a non-virtual test setup requires an SDR-based BTS rather than the otherwise wonderful sysmoBTS. And of course there will likely be other fixes and improvements that can be made in osmo-bts-trx. :) Harald recommended that I get a BladeRF 2.0 xA4 for this purpose, plus a Leo Bodnar GPSDO. However, before I commit to buying that hw with an aggregate cost of around $800, I wanted to get some community input to make sure it is the right choice for the job at hand. (There is also the possibility that Sysmocom will sponsor this hw for me, which is wonderful - but still, I don't want to waste money even if it's someone else's!) Harald told me that Eric has worked on BladeRF, and instructed me to ask both Eric and the wider community. My basic question is: how stable and reliable is this BladeRF 2.0 in the BTS application? I presume I will need to run osmo-trx-bladerf, but I find it alarming that there is absolutely no documentation for this variant: the wiki and the user manual cover osmo-trx-uhd and osmo-trx-lms, but not one mention of BladeRF. It is my understanding that BladeRF always runs on 38.4 MHz clock; if the external clock frequency is some other, the PLL inside BladeRF will discipline the local 38.4 MHz VCXO to "follow" the external reference, but the SDR will still run at 38.4 MHz. Thus I see no way to avoid fractional resampling, i.e., configuring the external GPSDO to put out 26 MHz or 52 MHz won't do anything to eliminate that fractional resampling need. Hence the question: does this fractional resampling constitute a real problem, or is it a sufficiently minor defect such that one can live with it in a lab environment? Will there be any gotchas to be aware of, such as MS struggling to connect to the test network? Finally, how does this BladeRF compare to various LimeSDR options? It seems like LimeSDR has always been the popular choice in the "cheap" department, whereas for BladeRF I see not one mention anywhere as I already noted. How do these two options compare? I recall hearing that while LimeSDR was once very popular, people were also having problems with it. Is BladeRF now better in terms of stability, or not really? And if BladeRF really is a better choice than LimeSDR for the purpose of running an SDR BTS on something cheaper than Ettus hw, then how did we get into the peculiar situation of having documentation that covers LimeSDR but not BladeRF? Please help this SDR-ignorant gal figure out which hardware I should buy. Whether I cover the cost on my own or take up Harald's offer of cost reimbursement, either way I need to be sure I buy the right thing... Oh, one more detail: whichever USB-interfaced SDR I get, I plan on using a Raspberry Pi 5 to drive it, running stock Raspbian. Does anyone have any experience with using RPi devices to drive SDRs for use as BTS? Is RPi5 powerful enough to run all of the computationally demanding parts, including that fractional resampling? Is stock Raspbian good enough in terms of sw dependencies? TIA, Mychaela

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