baseband-devel May 2011

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Engagetted !
by Sébastien Lorquet 14 Oct '25

14 Oct '25

http://www.engadget.com/2010/12/29/researchers-eavesdrop-on-encrypted-gsm-c… Congrats!

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status report layer1 and layer23
by Andreas.Eversberg 11 Apr '13

11 Apr '13

hi, i just fixed some locking issues the last days. fix will follow. it took a bit longer, because there were some race conditions. it took up to about one hour until it crashed. my way to detect the area where the crash happened, was to turn on buzzer before that area, and turn it off after that area. after many hours of approximation, i finally found out that the major crash happend during _talloc_zero. (first it looks for a free memory chunk, then it allocates it.) since it can be called from all contexts (main, irq, fiq), it need to be locked against any interrupt, otherwise the memory chunk can be assigned multiple times. (the process of _talloc_free is "atomic" and requires no locking.) because it seems pretty stable, i think it is time to merge some branches into the master. (i made a 6 hours call yesterday. and no crash after bugfix ever since.) i will do that together with sylvain, if we find the time this weekend. currently i use the jolly/voice together with the sylvain/traffic branch. i am able to use an isdn phone togehter with linux-call-router and make/receive calls. audio is passed both ways. i think this is a stage where it actually become "usable". (if not moving arround.) one of my major work for the next weeks/months will be the neighbour cell measurement, cell re-selection, and handover. this is essential when moving with the phone. regards, andreas

2 1

Receiving on TS=1 ?
by Sylvain Munaut 20 Jul '12

20 Jul '12

Hi, I've hacked something together to quickly test non-combined CCCH. However, I've hit a problem when trying to receive anything on another timeslot than 0. The TX side seems to work fine as the BTS can see my location update request and answers with a reject, but on the MS side, I never see the reject and wireshark only shows invalid incohrent data on the RX. The frames for SDCCH/8 show really nothing valid (looks like random bytes), things like 09 80 7f 47 49 06 1d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 09 00 47 d5 2d 06 1e 00 00 69 7c a0 91 3d 22 ff ab fe 6c 4f 56 4f 36 ... while the frames for the associated SAACH show at least something gsm-like : 03 03 01 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b but that's not quite a SI5/6 ... To RX/TX on TS=1, I just delayed the RX/TX window by 625 bits (4 * 156.25) when I'm in dedicated channel mode by chaning the 'start' in l1s_tx_win_ctrl / l1s_rx_win_ctrl Is there something else that should be done ? Cheers, Sylvain

2 5

burst_ind and TCH
by Mad 11 Jul '12

11 Jul '12

Hi Sylvain, hi list! I'm experimenting with burst_ind and TCHs right now and ran into some problem I couldn't solve yet. After receiving an Assignment Command for a hopping TCH/F I call l1ctl_tx_dm_est_req_h1() with all necessary parameters and tch_mode GSM48_CMODE_SPEECH_V1 or _EFR. After that I do get burst indications containing the received bits on up- and downlink for the active arfcn on each consecutive frame number. BUT the rx level measurements are most of the time very low and sporadic higher, surely not from that nearby bts and the very close cellphone. It looks like the layer1 doesn't "hit" the right timeslot on the right arfcn at the right time. There are some possible sources of error leading to that, like hopping parameters, channel number and MA list. But I checked these and I took all of them directly from the ASS CMD, the MA as word list in ascending order, like in layer23 IMM ASS handling. The specific AC doesn't have any specialties like Starting Time or "before time" parameters. So my question is if there is some obvious pitfall I'm missing and are there any suggestions how to debug that? Regards, Mad

4 5

bursts****.dat
by Victor P 06 Jun '12

06 Jun '12

Hi, I am trying to use burst_ind branch of osmocom. I have noticed that layer23 creates bursts****.dat files when it indicates uplink. What data are written to these files and what should I use to see its data? Thank you.

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Use OsmocomBB as OpenBTS / airprobe clock generator
by Harald Welte 15 Mar '12

15 Mar '12

Hi! Recently we've had the idea of using OsmocomBB with a simple firmware that synchronizes to an existing GSM networks FCCH and use the resulting 13MHz clock to drive the USRP for airprobe or OpenBTS. Ideally, we would even use the Calypso-internal PLL (for ARM or DSP) to multiply it up to the required 52 MHz. However, neither the Openmoko nor the Compal/Motorola phones expose any of the 3 clock output pads :( So the only choice is to use something along the lines of the http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/cdcvf25084.html as a quad clock multiplier and attach it to the CLK13OUT signal of the phone. The chip is available for 9 USD in single quantities at digikey, and possibly cheaper at other sources. Combined with a sub-20EUR phone it might be a very cheap but still accurate frequency source for OpenBTS - at least as long as there are any commercial gsm networks available. Regards, Harald -- - Harald Welte <laforge(a)gnumonks.org> http://laforge.gnumonks.org/ ============================================================================ "Privacy in residential applications is a desirable marketing option." (ETSI EN 300 175-7 Ch. A6)

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Linux + u-boot port to MT6235
by Marcin Mielczarczyk 07 Jan '12

07 Jan '12

Hi All! That's true, I managed to run U-Boot on MT6235, but linux kernel is not fully functional yet (it's fresh stuff as I managed to ran it on Tuesday and then I was off to conference). For MT6235 development I chose Sciphone G2, which is pretty cheap. After some time I managed to download code to SRAM (just 64KB) using MTK's FlashTool. MTK FlashTool communicates over UART directly with MT6235 bootloader and sends its own chunk of code (about 58KB) which is executed in SRAM and communicates with FlashTool. I found on pudn.com some pack to customize code loaded by FlashTool, thanks to which I could download my own code to SRAM (without JTAG). The problem was that it had to be linked with some security libraries which occupied about 56KB and not much memory left for my own code. Then I decided to try find JTAG pins to get all control on MT6235. That took me sometime, but finally I succeeded. The other bigger issue was initializing DRAM controller to be able to download bigger code (linux kernel + uboot) to external RAM. In sciphone there is problem that all interesting chips are under metal shield which is pretty havily soldered. In this case I couldn't read what kind of RAM memory is mounted without destroying the board (I don't have such soldering machine which could unsolder so big metal shield). Thanks to JTAG I could attach to target and then dump DRAM controller registers from processor running MTK's software, but setting these values after processor start and configuration of PLL didn't work. I decided to disassemble bootloader which could show me how DRAM controller is initialized and how code fron NAND is loaded (to be able to flash U-Boot and kernel to NAND so MT6235 will start my code automatically and I will not have to use JTAG). Currently I have knowledge how internal MT6235 bootloader is loading code from memory during startup and I also extracted procedure of DRAM controller initialization. Thanks to that I'm able to run U-Boot from the very begining of processor startup. The problem is that I have just one piece of Sciphone G2 and I don't want to flash it yet to not break existing code in it. Thanks to running device I'm able to attach with JTAG and check how peripherals are configured (i.e. LCD, MMC, etc.). I have backup of flash, but I'm not 100% sure if I will flash it back, phone will startup. That's why I bought second piece of Sciphone G2 and should receive it today or on Tuesday (this Monday is holiday in Poland). In this case I'll flash U-Boot to NAND and try to make it working. Then we could load the rest of code from U-Boot (to RAM or NAND over serial). You can see how my setup looks on attached picture. The good thing about it is that the same bootloader is used in MT622x, so it should be fairly easy to do the same on phones based on that SoCs (but unfortuantely it's just ARM7). If it comes to code, of course I can share it on "git.osmocom.org". Currently it's just basic port of U-Boot and not much for linux kernel, but I'm working on this now so I'll push it when it'll be ready. Currently I'm working on driver for NAND memory for U-Boot, so we could flash linux kernel. When that will be ready I'll push the code. Then I'll switch to linux kernel and when it'll be functional I also push the code. At this stage you will not need to have JTAG and you could load the code over serial in U-Boot. If it comes to GSM I didn't work with it before. I actualy worked 6 months in L2/3 team for LTE (on RRC) but it's different story. That could be really outstanding thing if we could run first phone ever with whole code open (from BB up to APP). BR, Marcin

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calypso SIM driver on c139 (also: l1ctl SIM APDU)
by Gianni Tedesco 08 Nov '11

08 Nov '11

The SIM and the SIM reader in the phone and the mechanical contact between them are definitely working because the SIM can be accessed from the motorola firmware, from another phone and from a PC smartcard reader with no PIN or anything. However, under simtest firmware no data is received by the phone, even the ATR is zero bytes... Anybody had this problem? Also, is l1CTL SIM APDU command not implemented in the layer1 firmware? How are people making calls without a SIM? :P Gianni ----------------SIMTEST----8<----------------- Initializing driver: SIM: Registering interrupt handler for simcard-interface ====================== CALYPSO SIM REGISTER DUMP ===================== Reg_sim_cmd register (R/W) - FFFE:0000 |-REG_SIM_CMD = 0000 | |-REG_SIM_CMD_CMDCARDRST = 0 ==> SIM card reset sequence disabled. | |-REG_SIM_CMD_CMDIFRST = 0 | |-REG_SIM_CMD_CMDSTOP = 0 | |-REG_SIM_CMD_CMDSTART = 0 | |-REG_SIM_CMD_MODULE_CLK_EN = 0 ==> Clock of the module disabled. |-REG_SIM_STAT = 000b | |-REG_SIM_STAT_STATNOCARD = 1 ==> No card! | |-REG_SIM_STAT_STATTXPAR = 1 ==> Parity ok! | |-REG_SIM_STAT_STATFIFOFULL = 0 | |-REG_SIM_STAT_STATFIFOEMPTY = 1 ==> Fifo empty! |-REG_SIM_CONF1 = 000c | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFCHKPAR = 0 ==> Parity check on reception disabled. | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFCODCONV = 0 ==> Coding convention is direct (normal). | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFTXRX = 1 ==> SIO line direction is in transmit mode. | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFSCLKEN = 1 ==> SIM clock in normal mode. | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_reserved = 0 ==> ETU period is CONFETUPERIOD. | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFSCLKDIV = 0 ==> SIM clock frequency is 13/4 Mhz. | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFSCLKLEV = 0 ==> SIM clock idle level is low. | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFETUPERIOD = 0 ==> ETU period is 372/8*1/Fsclk. | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFBYPASS = 0 ==> Hardware timers and start and stop sequences are normal. | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFSVCCLEV = 0 ==> SVCC Level is low (Only valid when CONFBYPASS = 1). | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFSRSTLEV = 0 ==> SRST Level is low (Only valid when CONFBYPASS = 1). | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFTRIG = 0x0 (FIFO trigger level) | |-REG_SIM_CONF1_CONFSIOLOW = 0 |-REG_SIM_CONF2 = 0940 | |-REG_SIM_CONF2_CONFTFSIM = 0x0 (time delay for filtering of SIM_CD) | |-REG_SIM_CONF2_CONFTDSIM = 0x4 (time delay for contact activation/deactivation) | |-REG_SIM_CONF2_CONFWAITI = 0x9 (CONFWAITI overflow wait time between two received chars) |-REG_SIM_IT = 0000 | |-REG_SIM_IT_SIM_NATR = 0 ==> On read access to REG_SIM_IT. | |-REG_SIM_IT_SIM_WT = 0 ==> On read access to REG_SIM_IT. | |-REG_SIM_IT_SIM_OV = 0 ==> On read access to REG_SIM_IT. | |-REG_SIM_IT_SIM_TX = 0 ==> On write access to REG_SIM_DTX or on switching | | from transmit to receive mode (CONFTXRX bit) | |-REG_SIM_IT_SIM_RX = 0 ==> On read access to REG_SIM_DRX. |-REG_SIM_DRX = 0100 | |-REG_SIM_DRX_SIM_DRX = 0x0 (next data byte in FIFO available for reading) | |-REG_SIM_DRX_STATRXPAR = 1 ==> Parity Ok. |-REG_SIM_DTX = 00 (next data byte to be transmitted) |-REG_SIM_MASKIT = 003f | |-REG_SIM_MASKIT_MASK_SIM_NATR = 1 ==> No-answer-to-reset interrupt is masked. | |-REG_SIM_MASKIT_MASK_SIM_WT = 1 ==> Character wait-time overflow interrupt is masked. | |-REG_SIM_MASKIT_MASK_SIM_OV = 1 ==> Receive overflow interrupt is masked. | |-REG_SIM_MASKIT_MASK_SIM_TX = 1 ==> Waiting characters to be transmit interrupt is masked. | |-REG_SIM_MASKIT_MASK_SIM_RX = 1 ==> Waiting characters to be read interrupt is masked. | |-REG_SIM_MASKIT_MASK_SIM_CD = 1 ==> SIM card insertion/extraction interrupt is masked. |-REG_SIM_IT_CD = fffe0010 |-REG_SIM_IT_CD_IT_CD = 0 ==> SIM card insertion/extraction interrupt is unmasked. Power up simcard: * Power enabled! * Clock enabled! * Reset released! SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Character underflow! (0 bytes) Reset simcard: * Reset pulled down! * Reset released! SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Character underflow! (0 bytes) SIM-T0: Transceiving APDU-Header: (a0 a4 00 00 02) SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-T0: Case 2: No input / Output of known length (See also GSM 11.11 Page 34) SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Character underflow! SIM-T0: T0 Protocol error: Missing ACK byte -- aborting! SIM-T0: Transceiving APDU-Header: (a0 c0 00 00 0f) SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-T0: Case 4: Input / No output (See also GSM 11.11 Page 34) SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Character underflow! SIM-T0: T0 Protocol error: Incorrect or missing answer -- aborting! e0 73 d7 b9 ae ea bf 7e f7 3b 7f 6f 32 fe 25 (15 bytes) Test Phase 1: Testing bare sim commands... * Testing SELECT: Selecting MF SIM-T0: Transceiving APDU-Header: (a0 a4 00 00 02) SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-T0: Case 2: No input / Output of known length (See also GSM 11.11 Page 34) SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting characters to be read... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Character underflow! SIM-T0: T0 Protocol error: Missing ACK byte -- aborting! ==> Status word: ffff * Testing SELECT: Selecting DF_GSM SIM-T0: Transceiving APDU-Header: (a0 a4 00 00 02) SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... SIM-ISR: Interrupt caught: Waiting for character to transmit... At this point it hangs "forever" - well at least half hour.

7 11

Problems while building osmocomBB
by Begerad Stefan 28 Oct '11

28 Oct '11

Hi guys, I dunno if that is the right place for my concern about building the osmocomBB source. Here is what I already have done: - downloading the sources for osmocomBB and GNU toolchain for ARM, - setting the PATH for the arm-elf-* executables, - calling make in the src directory. Now, this appears as response of the make command in the terminal: cd shared/libosmocore/build-host && ../configure configure: error: cannot find install-sh, install.sh, or shtool in ".." "../.." "../../.." make: *** [shared/libosmocore/build-host/Makefile] Error 1. If you need details about my system, you can look at the following snippet from the config.log file: This file contains any messages produced by compilers while running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake. It was created by libosmocore configure UNKNOWN, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.65. Invocation command line was $ ../configure ## --------- ## ## Platform. ## ## --------- ## hostname = ubuntu-stefan uname -m = x86_64 uname -r = 2.6.32-24-generic uname -s = Linux uname -v = #41-Ubuntu SMP Thu Aug 19 01:38:40 UTC 2010 /usr/bin/uname -p = unknown /bin/uname -X = unknown /bin/arch = unknown /usr/bin/arch -k = unknown /usr/convex/getsysinfo = unknown /usr/bin/hostinfo = unknown /bin/machine = unknown /usr/bin/oslevel = unknown /bin/universe = unknown PATH: /usr/local/sbin PATH: /usr/local/bin PATH: /usr/sbin PATH: /usr/bin PATH: /sbin PATH: /bin PATH: /usr/games PATH: /home/stefan/osmocomBB/gnuarm-4.0.2/bin ## ----------- ## ## Core tests. ## ## ----------- ## configure:2032: error: cannot find install-sh, install.sh, or shtool in ".." "../.." "../../..". So, I would be very glad, if someone could give me a hint to solve the problem. Thank you in advance. Regards, begy

2 2

Motorola C116 experiment
by Henk 18 Jul '11

18 Jul '11

Hi, I could not resist buying a C116 for 15 euro, so I compiled osmocombb and connected a 3.3V serial cable. Of course the C116 was not in the supported list, but I was hoping it would work as it seems that it is very similar to the C115. Here is my load attempt: (used -m c123 ) but there's no loading of the image. I am not using TX mode, also I don't have a SIM installed. Anything I can try to get it working? ./osmocon -p /dev/ttyS0 -m c123xor ../../target/firmware/board/compal_e88/loader.compalram.bin got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 00 . got 2 bytes from modem, data looks like: 00 81 .. got 4 bytes from modem, data looks like: 1b f6 02 00 .... got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 41 A got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 01 . got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 40 @ Received PROMPT1 from phone, responding with CMD read_file(../../target/firmware/board/compal_e88/loader.compalram.bin): file_size=16788, hdr_len=4, dnload_le n=16795 got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 66 f got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 74 t got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 6d m got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 74 t got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 6f o got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 6f o got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 6c l Received FTMTOOL from phone, ramloader has aborted got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 65 e got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 72 r got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 72 r got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 6f o got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 72 r got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 00 . got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 1b . got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 66 f got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 6d m got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 74 t got 1 bytes from modem, data looks like: 6f o Regards, Henk

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baseband-devel May 2011