osmocom-net-gprs December 2019

osmocom-net-gprs@lists.osmocom.org

4 participants
18 discussions

[PATCH AUTOSEL 5.4 113/187] gtp: fix wrong condition in gtp_genl_dump_pdp()
by Sasha Levin 27 Dec '19

27 Dec '19

From: Taehee Yoo <ap420073(a)gmail.com> [ Upstream commit 94a6d9fb88df43f92d943c32b84ce398d50bf49f ] gtp_genl_dump_pdp() is ->dumpit() callback of GTP module and it is used to dump pdp contexts. it would be re-executed because of dump packet size. If dump packet size is too big, it saves current dump pointer (gtp interface pointer, bucket, TID value) then it restarts dump from last pointer. Current GTP code allows adding zero TID pdp context but dump code ignores zero TID value. So, last dump pointer will not be found. In addition, this patch adds missing rcu_read_lock() in gtp_genl_dump_pdp(). Fixes: 459aa660eb1d ("gtp: add initial driver for datapath of GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP-U)") Signed-off-by: Taehee Yoo <ap420073(a)gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski(a)netronome.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal(a)kernel.org> --- drivers/net/gtp.c | 36 +++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/net/gtp.c b/drivers/net/gtp.c index 8b742edf793d..a010e0a11c33 100644 --- a/drivers/net/gtp.c +++ b/drivers/net/gtp.c @@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ struct pdp_ctx { struct hlist_node hlist_addr; union { - u64 tid; struct { u64 tid; u16 flow; @@ -1244,43 +1243,46 @@ static int gtp_genl_dump_pdp(struct sk_buff *skb, struct netlink_callback *cb) { struct gtp_dev *last_gtp = (struct gtp_dev *)cb->args[2], *gtp; + int i, j, bucket = cb->args[0], skip = cb->args[1]; struct net *net = sock_net(skb->sk); - struct gtp_net *gn = net_generic(net, gtp_net_id); - unsigned long tid = cb->args[1]; - int i, k = cb->args[0], ret; struct pdp_ctx *pctx; + struct gtp_net *gn; + + gn = net_generic(net, gtp_net_id); if (cb->args[4]) return 0; + rcu_read_lock(); list_for_each_entry_rcu(gtp, &gn->gtp_dev_list, list) { if (last_gtp && last_gtp != gtp) continue; else last_gtp = NULL; - for (i = k; i < gtp->hash_size; i++) { - hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pctx, &gtp->tid_hash[i], hlist_tid) { - if (tid && tid != pctx->u.tid) - continue; - else - tid = 0; - - ret = gtp_genl_fill_info(skb, - NETLINK_CB(cb->skb).portid, - cb->nlh->nlmsg_seq, - cb->nlh->nlmsg_type, pctx); - if (ret < 0) { + for (i = bucket; i < gtp->hash_size; i++) { + j = 0; + hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pctx, &gtp->tid_hash[i], + hlist_tid) { + if (j >= skip && + gtp_genl_fill_info(skb, + NETLINK_CB(cb->skb).portid, + cb->nlh->nlmsg_seq, + cb->nlh->nlmsg_type, pctx)) { cb->args[0] = i; - cb->args[1] = pctx->u.tid; + cb->args[1] = j; cb->args[2] = (unsigned long)gtp; goto out; } + j++; } + skip = 0; } + bucket = 0; } cb->args[4] = 1; out: + rcu_read_unlock(); return skb->len; } -- 2.20.1

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[PATCH AUTOSEL 5.4 112/187] gtp: do not allow adding duplicate tid and ms_addr pdp context
by Sasha Levin 27 Dec '19

27 Dec '19

From: Taehee Yoo <ap420073(a)gmail.com> [ Upstream commit 6b01b1d9b2d38dc84ac398bfe9f00baff06a31e5 ] GTP RX packet path lookups pdp context with TID. If duplicate TID pdp contexts are existing in the list, it couldn't select correct pdp context. So, TID value should be unique. GTP TX packet path lookups pdp context with ms_addr. If duplicate ms_addr pdp contexts are existing in the list, it couldn't select correct pdp context. So, ms_addr value should be unique. Fixes: 459aa660eb1d ("gtp: add initial driver for datapath of GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP-U)") Signed-off-by: Taehee Yoo <ap420073(a)gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski(a)netronome.com> Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal(a)kernel.org> --- drivers/net/gtp.c | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/net/gtp.c b/drivers/net/gtp.c index ecfe26215935..8b742edf793d 100644 --- a/drivers/net/gtp.c +++ b/drivers/net/gtp.c @@ -926,24 +926,31 @@ static void ipv4_pdp_fill(struct pdp_ctx *pctx, struct genl_info *info) } } -static int ipv4_pdp_add(struct gtp_dev *gtp, struct sock *sk, - struct genl_info *info) +static int gtp_pdp_add(struct gtp_dev *gtp, struct sock *sk, + struct genl_info *info) { + struct pdp_ctx *pctx, *pctx_tid = NULL; struct net_device *dev = gtp->dev; u32 hash_ms, hash_tid = 0; - struct pdp_ctx *pctx; + unsigned int version; bool found = false; __be32 ms_addr; ms_addr = nla_get_be32(info->attrs[GTPA_MS_ADDRESS]); hash_ms = ipv4_hashfn(ms_addr) % gtp->hash_size; + version = nla_get_u32(info->attrs[GTPA_VERSION]); - hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pctx, &gtp->addr_hash[hash_ms], hlist_addr) { - if (pctx->ms_addr_ip4.s_addr == ms_addr) { - found = true; - break; - } - } + pctx = ipv4_pdp_find(gtp, ms_addr); + if (pctx) + found = true; + if (version == GTP_V0) + pctx_tid = gtp0_pdp_find(gtp, + nla_get_u64(info->attrs[GTPA_TID])); + else if (version == GTP_V1) + pctx_tid = gtp1_pdp_find(gtp, + nla_get_u32(info->attrs[GTPA_I_TEI])); + if (pctx_tid) + found = true; if (found) { if (info->nlhdr->nlmsg_flags & NLM_F_EXCL) @@ -951,6 +958,11 @@ static int ipv4_pdp_add(struct gtp_dev *gtp, struct sock *sk, if (info->nlhdr->nlmsg_flags & NLM_F_REPLACE) return -EOPNOTSUPP; + if (pctx && pctx_tid) + return -EEXIST; + if (!pctx) + pctx = pctx_tid; + ipv4_pdp_fill(pctx, info); if (pctx->gtp_version == GTP_V0) @@ -1074,7 +1086,7 @@ static int gtp_genl_new_pdp(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info) goto out_unlock; } - err = ipv4_pdp_add(gtp, sk, info); + err = gtp_pdp_add(gtp, sk, info); out_unlock: rcu_read_unlock(); -- 2.20.1

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[PATCH net 0/4] gtp: fix several bugs in gtp module
by Taehee Yoo 15 Dec '19

15 Dec '19

This patchset fixes several bugs in the GTP module. 1. Do not allow adding duplicate TID and ms_addr pdp context. In the current code, duplicate TID and ms_addr pdp context could be added. So, RX and TX path could find correct pdp context. 2. Fix wrong condition in ->dumpit() callback. ->dumpit() callback is re-called if dump packet size is too big. So, before return, it saves last position and then restart from last dump position. TID value is used to find last dump position. GTP module allows adding zero TID value. But ->dumpit() callback ignores zero TID value. So, dump would not work correctly if dump packet size too big. 3. Fix use-after-free in ipv4_pdp_find(). RX and TX patch always uses gtp->tid_hash and gtp->addr_hash. but while packet processing, these hash pointer would be freed. So, use-after-free would occur. 4. Fix panic because of zero size hashtable GTP hashtable size could be set by user-space. If hashsize is set to 0, hashtable will not work and panic will occur. Taehee Yoo (4): gtp: do not allow adding duplicate tid and ms_addr pdp context gtp: fix wrong condition in gtp_genl_dump_pdp() gtp: fix an use-after-free in ipv4_pdp_find() gtp: avoid zero size hashtable drivers/net/gtp.c | 109 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-) -- 2.17.1

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[PATCH net 4/4] gtp: avoid zero size hashtable
by Taehee Yoo 11 Dec '19

11 Dec '19

GTP default hashtable size is 1024 and userspace could set specific hashtable size with IFLA_GTP_PDP_HASHSIZE. If hashtable size is set to 0 from userspace, hashtable will not work and panic will occur. Fixes: 459aa660eb1d ("gtp: add initial driver for datapath of GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP-U)") Signed-off-by: Taehee Yoo <ap420073(a)gmail.com> --- drivers/net/gtp.c | 7 +++++-- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/net/gtp.c b/drivers/net/gtp.c index 5450b1099c6d..e5b7d6d2286e 100644 --- a/drivers/net/gtp.c +++ b/drivers/net/gtp.c @@ -667,10 +667,13 @@ static int gtp_newlink(struct net *src_net, struct net_device *dev, if (err < 0) return err; - if (!data[IFLA_GTP_PDP_HASHSIZE]) + if (!data[IFLA_GTP_PDP_HASHSIZE]) { hashsize = 1024; - else + } else { hashsize = nla_get_u32(data[IFLA_GTP_PDP_HASHSIZE]); + if (!hashsize) + hashsize = 1024; + } err = gtp_hashtable_new(gtp, hashsize); if (err < 0) -- 2.17.1

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[PATCH net 3/4] gtp: fix an use-after-free in ipv4_pdp_find()
by Taehee Yoo 11 Dec '19

11 Dec '19

ipv4_pdp_find() is called in TX packet path of GTP. ipv4_pdp_find() internally uses gtp->tid_hash to lookup pdp context. In the current code, gtp->tid_hash and gtp->addr_hash are freed by ->dellink(), which is gtp_dellink(). But gtp_dellink() would be called while packets are processing. So, gtp_dellink() should not free gtp->tid_hash and gtp->addr_hash. Instead, dev->priv_destructor() would be used because this callback is called after all packet processing safely. Test commands: ip link add veth1 type veth peer name veth2 ip a a 172.0.0.1/24 dev veth1 ip link set veth1 up ip a a 172.99.0.1/32 dev lo gtp-link add gtp1 & gtp-tunnel add gtp1 v1 200 100 172.99.0.2 172.0.0.2 ip r a 172.99.0.2/32 dev gtp1 ip link set gtp1 mtu 1500 ip netns add ns2 ip link set veth2 netns ns2 ip netns exec ns2 ip a a 172.0.0.2/24 dev veth2 ip netns exec ns2 ip link set veth2 up ip netns exec ns2 ip a a 172.99.0.2/32 dev lo ip netns exec ns2 ip link set lo up ip netns exec ns2 gtp-link add gtp2 & ip netns exec ns2 gtp-tunnel add gtp2 v1 100 200 172.99.0.1 172.0.0.1 ip netns exec ns2 ip r a 172.99.0.1/32 dev gtp2 ip netns exec ns2 ip link set gtp2 mtu 1500 hping3 172.99.0.2 -2 --flood & ip link del gtp1 Splat looks like: [ 72.568081][ T1195] BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ipv4_pdp_find.isra.12+0x130/0x170 [gtp] [ 72.568916][ T1195] Read of size 8 at addr ffff8880b9a35d28 by task hping3/1195 [ 72.569631][ T1195] [ 72.569861][ T1195] CPU: 2 PID: 1195 Comm: hping3 Not tainted 5.5.0-rc1 #199 [ 72.570547][ T1195] Hardware name: innotek GmbH VirtualBox/VirtualBox, BIOS VirtualBox 12/01/2006 [ 72.571438][ T1195] Call Trace: [ 72.571764][ T1195] dump_stack+0x96/0xdb [ 72.572171][ T1195] ? ipv4_pdp_find.isra.12+0x130/0x170 [gtp] [ 72.572761][ T1195] print_address_description.constprop.5+0x1be/0x360 [ 72.573400][ T1195] ? ipv4_pdp_find.isra.12+0x130/0x170 [gtp] [ 72.573971][ T1195] ? ipv4_pdp_find.isra.12+0x130/0x170 [gtp] [ 72.574544][ T1195] __kasan_report+0x12a/0x16f [ 72.575014][ T1195] ? ipv4_pdp_find.isra.12+0x130/0x170 [gtp] [ 72.575593][ T1195] kasan_report+0xe/0x20 [ 72.576004][ T1195] ipv4_pdp_find.isra.12+0x130/0x170 [gtp] [ 72.576577][ T1195] gtp_build_skb_ip4+0x199/0x1420 [gtp] [ ... ] [ 72.647671][ T1195] BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffff8880b9a35d28 [ 72.648512][ T1195] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode [ 72.649158][ T1195] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page [ 72.649849][ T1195] PGD a6c01067 P4D a6c01067 PUD 11fb07067 PMD 11f939067 PTE 800fffff465ca060 [ 72.652958][ T1195] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC KASAN PTI [ 72.653834][ T1195] CPU: 2 PID: 1195 Comm: hping3 Tainted: G B 5.5.0-rc1 #199 [ 72.668062][ T1195] RIP: 0010:ipv4_pdp_find.isra.12+0x86/0x170 [gtp] [ ... ] [ 72.679168][ T1195] Call Trace: [ 72.679603][ T1195] gtp_build_skb_ip4+0x199/0x1420 [gtp] [ 72.681915][ T1195] ? ipv4_pdp_find.isra.12+0x170/0x170 [gtp] [ 72.682513][ T1195] ? lock_acquire+0x164/0x3b0 [ 72.682966][ T1195] ? gtp_dev_xmit+0x35e/0x890 [gtp] [ 72.683481][ T1195] gtp_dev_xmit+0x3c2/0x890 [gtp] [ ... ] Fixes: 459aa660eb1d ("gtp: add initial driver for datapath of GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP-U)") Signed-off-by: Taehee Yoo <ap420073(a)gmail.com> --- drivers/net/gtp.c | 34 +++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/net/gtp.c b/drivers/net/gtp.c index a010e0a11c33..5450b1099c6d 100644 --- a/drivers/net/gtp.c +++ b/drivers/net/gtp.c @@ -640,9 +640,16 @@ static void gtp_link_setup(struct net_device *dev) } static int gtp_hashtable_new(struct gtp_dev *gtp, int hsize); -static void gtp_hashtable_free(struct gtp_dev *gtp); static int gtp_encap_enable(struct gtp_dev *gtp, struct nlattr *data[]); +static void gtp_destructor(struct net_device *dev) +{ + struct gtp_dev *gtp = netdev_priv(dev); + + kfree(gtp->addr_hash); + kfree(gtp->tid_hash); +} + static int gtp_newlink(struct net *src_net, struct net_device *dev, struct nlattr *tb[], struct nlattr *data[], struct netlink_ext_ack *extack) @@ -677,13 +684,15 @@ static int gtp_newlink(struct net *src_net, struct net_device *dev, gn = net_generic(dev_net(dev), gtp_net_id); list_add_rcu(&gtp->list, &gn->gtp_dev_list); + dev->priv_destructor = gtp_destructor; netdev_dbg(dev, "registered new GTP interface\n"); return 0; out_hashtable: - gtp_hashtable_free(gtp); + kfree(gtp->addr_hash); + kfree(gtp->tid_hash); out_encap: gtp_encap_disable(gtp); return err; @@ -692,8 +701,13 @@ static int gtp_newlink(struct net *src_net, struct net_device *dev, static void gtp_dellink(struct net_device *dev, struct list_head *head) { struct gtp_dev *gtp = netdev_priv(dev); + struct pdp_ctx *pctx; + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < gtp->hash_size; i++) + hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pctx, &gtp->tid_hash[i], hlist_tid) + pdp_context_delete(pctx); - gtp_hashtable_free(gtp); list_del_rcu(&gtp->list); unregister_netdevice_queue(dev, head); } @@ -771,20 +785,6 @@ static int gtp_hashtable_new(struct gtp_dev *gtp, int hsize) return -ENOMEM; } -static void gtp_hashtable_free(struct gtp_dev *gtp) -{ - struct pdp_ctx *pctx; - int i; - - for (i = 0; i < gtp->hash_size; i++) - hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pctx, &gtp->tid_hash[i], hlist_tid) - pdp_context_delete(pctx); - - synchronize_rcu(); - kfree(gtp->addr_hash); - kfree(gtp->tid_hash); -} - static struct sock *gtp_encap_enable_socket(int fd, int type, struct gtp_dev *gtp) { -- 2.17.1

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[PATCH net 2/4] gtp: fix wrong condition in gtp_genl_dump_pdp()
by Taehee Yoo 11 Dec '19

11 Dec '19

gtp_genl_dump_pdp() is ->dumpit() callback of GTP module and it is used to dump pdp contexts. it would be re-executed because of dump packet size. If dump packet size is too big, it saves current dump pointer (gtp interface pointer, bucket, TID value) then it restarts dump from last pointer. Current GTP code allows adding zero TID pdp context but dump code ignores zero TID value. So, last dump pointer will not be found. In addition, this patch adds missing rcu_read_lock() in gtp_genl_dump_pdp(). Fixes: 459aa660eb1d ("gtp: add initial driver for datapath of GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP-U)") Signed-off-by: Taehee Yoo <ap420073(a)gmail.com> --- drivers/net/gtp.c | 36 +++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/net/gtp.c b/drivers/net/gtp.c index 8b742edf793d..a010e0a11c33 100644 --- a/drivers/net/gtp.c +++ b/drivers/net/gtp.c @@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ struct pdp_ctx { struct hlist_node hlist_addr; union { - u64 tid; struct { u64 tid; u16 flow; @@ -1244,43 +1243,46 @@ static int gtp_genl_dump_pdp(struct sk_buff *skb, struct netlink_callback *cb) { struct gtp_dev *last_gtp = (struct gtp_dev *)cb->args[2], *gtp; + int i, j, bucket = cb->args[0], skip = cb->args[1]; struct net *net = sock_net(skb->sk); - struct gtp_net *gn = net_generic(net, gtp_net_id); - unsigned long tid = cb->args[1]; - int i, k = cb->args[0], ret; struct pdp_ctx *pctx; + struct gtp_net *gn; + + gn = net_generic(net, gtp_net_id); if (cb->args[4]) return 0; + rcu_read_lock(); list_for_each_entry_rcu(gtp, &gn->gtp_dev_list, list) { if (last_gtp && last_gtp != gtp) continue; else last_gtp = NULL; - for (i = k; i < gtp->hash_size; i++) { - hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pctx, &gtp->tid_hash[i], hlist_tid) { - if (tid && tid != pctx->u.tid) - continue; - else - tid = 0; - - ret = gtp_genl_fill_info(skb, - NETLINK_CB(cb->skb).portid, - cb->nlh->nlmsg_seq, - cb->nlh->nlmsg_type, pctx); - if (ret < 0) { + for (i = bucket; i < gtp->hash_size; i++) { + j = 0; + hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pctx, &gtp->tid_hash[i], + hlist_tid) { + if (j >= skip && + gtp_genl_fill_info(skb, + NETLINK_CB(cb->skb).portid, + cb->nlh->nlmsg_seq, + cb->nlh->nlmsg_type, pctx)) { cb->args[0] = i; - cb->args[1] = pctx->u.tid; + cb->args[1] = j; cb->args[2] = (unsigned long)gtp; goto out; } + j++; } + skip = 0; } + bucket = 0; } cb->args[4] = 1; out: + rcu_read_unlock(); return skb->len; } -- 2.17.1

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[PATCH net 1/4] gtp: do not allow adding duplicate tid and ms_addr pdp context
by Taehee Yoo 11 Dec '19

11 Dec '19

GTP RX packet path lookups pdp context with TID. If duplicate TID pdp contexts are existing in the list, it couldn't select correct pdp context. So, TID value should be unique. GTP TX packet path lookups pdp context with ms_addr. If duplicate ms_addr pdp contexts are existing in the list, it couldn't select correct pdp context. So, ms_addr value should be unique. Fixes: 459aa660eb1d ("gtp: add initial driver for datapath of GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP-U)") Signed-off-by: Taehee Yoo <ap420073(a)gmail.com> --- drivers/net/gtp.c | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/net/gtp.c b/drivers/net/gtp.c index ecfe26215935..8b742edf793d 100644 --- a/drivers/net/gtp.c +++ b/drivers/net/gtp.c @@ -926,24 +926,31 @@ static void ipv4_pdp_fill(struct pdp_ctx *pctx, struct genl_info *info) } } -static int ipv4_pdp_add(struct gtp_dev *gtp, struct sock *sk, - struct genl_info *info) +static int gtp_pdp_add(struct gtp_dev *gtp, struct sock *sk, + struct genl_info *info) { + struct pdp_ctx *pctx, *pctx_tid = NULL; struct net_device *dev = gtp->dev; u32 hash_ms, hash_tid = 0; - struct pdp_ctx *pctx; + unsigned int version; bool found = false; __be32 ms_addr; ms_addr = nla_get_be32(info->attrs[GTPA_MS_ADDRESS]); hash_ms = ipv4_hashfn(ms_addr) % gtp->hash_size; + version = nla_get_u32(info->attrs[GTPA_VERSION]); - hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(pctx, &gtp->addr_hash[hash_ms], hlist_addr) { - if (pctx->ms_addr_ip4.s_addr == ms_addr) { - found = true; - break; - } - } + pctx = ipv4_pdp_find(gtp, ms_addr); + if (pctx) + found = true; + if (version == GTP_V0) + pctx_tid = gtp0_pdp_find(gtp, + nla_get_u64(info->attrs[GTPA_TID])); + else if (version == GTP_V1) + pctx_tid = gtp1_pdp_find(gtp, + nla_get_u32(info->attrs[GTPA_I_TEI])); + if (pctx_tid) + found = true; if (found) { if (info->nlhdr->nlmsg_flags & NLM_F_EXCL) @@ -951,6 +958,11 @@ static int ipv4_pdp_add(struct gtp_dev *gtp, struct sock *sk, if (info->nlhdr->nlmsg_flags & NLM_F_REPLACE) return -EOPNOTSUPP; + if (pctx && pctx_tid) + return -EEXIST; + if (!pctx) + pctx = pctx_tid; + ipv4_pdp_fill(pctx, info); if (pctx->gtp_version == GTP_V0) @@ -1074,7 +1086,7 @@ static int gtp_genl_new_pdp(struct sk_buff *skb, struct genl_info *info) goto out_unlock; } - err = ipv4_pdp_add(gtp, sk, info); + err = gtp_pdp_add(gtp, sk, info); out_unlock: rcu_read_unlock(); -- 2.17.1

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OsmoDevCon 2020 registration
by Harald Welte 01 Dec '19

01 Dec '19

Dear fellow Osmocom developers, I would like to invite all developers and contributors to Osmocom [sub]projects to register for OsmoDevCon 2020 (held on April 24th-27th, 2020 in Berlin). For details known so far, please check http://osmocom.org/projects/osmo-dev-con/wiki/OsmoDevCon2020 Please enter your name at https://osmocom.org/projects/osmo-dev-con/wiki/OsmoDevCon2020#Requested in case you would like to attend. Registering early allows proper planning. Thanks! Looking forward to meeting old and new Osmocom developers in April 2020. Regards, Harald -- - Harald Welte <laforge(a)osmocom.org> http://laforge.gnumonks.org/ ============================================================================ "Privacy in residential applications is a desirable marketing option." (ETSI EN 300 175-7 Ch. A6)

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osmocom-net-gprs December 2019