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Harald Welte laforge at gnumonks.orgthis is quite basic smartcard terminology. a smart card reader is the master, it drives the clock, reset lines and issues commands to rhe card. the card is a slave to the clock and reset lines. on a protocol level, it only responds to commands by the reader. see iso 7816-3 for details on this. asynchronous t=0 is the predominant protocol used in sim cards. a sniffer just passively listens to the communication between card and reader. -- Sent from a mobile device, excuse my short response